Azoospermia and Micro-TESE: Finding Sperm
Azoospermia is the absence of any sperm in the ejaculate (semen). It can be one cause of male-factor infertility and needs a detailed assessment.
It is usually addressed as part of a male infertility evaluation. Below is an informational overview of azoospermia and micro-TESE.
Types of azoospermia
Azoospermia is generally grouped into two main types:
- Obstructive: sperm is produced but its passage out is blocked
- Non-obstructive: sperm production is severely reduced
What are the causes?
Factors that can lead to azoospermia include hormonal disorders, genetic factors, previous infection or surgery, and some congenital conditions.
The exact cause is assessed with history, examination, hormones and, when needed, genetic tests.
What is micro-TESE?
Micro-TESE is a procedure to search for sperm in the testicular tissue with the help of a microscope. In non-obstructive azoospermia it aims to find small areas where sperm production continues.
Any sperm found can be used to fertilise the egg with ICSI.
How is the process planned?
The approach is individual. Steps that may be weighed include:
- Hormonal and genetic assessment
- Urology consultation when needed
- Planning with ICSI if sperm is found
Expectations and support
Micro-TESE does not guarantee that sperm will be found; the outcome varies by person. The process is planned with the couple's full picture.
For more on sperm health, see our article on sperm DNA fragmentation.
Related Reading
- Male Infertility and IVF: Causes, Diagnosis and Treatment Options
- Sperm DNA Fragmentation: What It Means for Fertility
- ICSI (Micro-injection)
Sources and references
This article is supported by the following independent, authoritative sources: